Certain quantum devices, such as half-wave plates and quarter-wave odyssey white hot putter 5 plates in quantum optics, are bidirectional, meaning that the roles of their input and output ports can be exchanged.Bidirectional devices can be used in a forward mode and a backward mode, corresponding to two opposite choices of the input-output directio
High penetration level of renewable energy has brought great challenges to operation of power systems, and use of flexible resources (FRs) is becoming increasingly important.Flexibility of power systems can be improved by changing generation arrangements, but the interests of some market participants may be harmed in the process.This study proposes
Wei Xu,* Fei Liu,* Xianbo Shen,* Ruineng Li Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated with Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wei XuDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial Pe
Evolutionary benefits of task fidelity and improving information acquisition via multiple transfers of materials between individuals in a task partitioned system have been shown before, but in this paper we provide a mechanistic explanation of these phenomena.Using a simple laubade 1973 mathematical model describing the individual interactions of t